1. °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀÇ ÁÖ°Ý

(1) ÁÖ°Ý who

  1. ¿©±â¼­ who´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»ç·Î¼­ who°¡ À̲ô´Â Àý ¼Ó¿¡¼­´Â ÁÖ°Ý ´ë¸í»ç HeÀÇ ±¸½Çµµ Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ À̲ô´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀý ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ÁÖ¾îÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì À̸¦ ÁÖ°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç¶ó ÇÑ´Ù.
  2. °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀý who came here yesterdayÀÌ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â ¼±Çà»ç the boy´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç who´Â »ç¶÷À» ¼±Çà»ç·Î ÃëÇÏ´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀÌ´Ù.
  3. °ü°è´ë¸í»ç who´Â »ç¶÷À» ¼±Çà»ç·Î ÇÏ´Â ÁÖ°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀÌ´Ù.

(2) ÁÖ°Ý which

  1. ¿©±â¼­ which´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»ç·Î¼­ which°¡ À̲ô´Â Àý ¼Ó¿¡¼­´Â ÁÖ°Ý ´ë¸í»ç ItÀÇ ±¸½Çµµ Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¿©±â ¾²ÀÎ which´Â ÁÖ°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀÌ´Ù.
  2. °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀý which is very interestingÀÌ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â ¼±Çà»ç´Â a bookÀÌ´Ù.
  3. °ü°è´ë¸í»ç which´Â µ¿¹°À̳ª »ç¹°À» ¼±Çà»ç·Î ÇÏ´Â ÁÖ°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀÌ´Ù. 

 

  2. °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀÇ ¸ñÀû°Ý

 (1) ¸ñÀû°Ý whom

  1. ¿©±â¼­ whomÀº ¸ñÀû°Ý himÀ» ´ë½ÅÇÏ´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»ç·Î¼­ whomÀÌ À̲ô´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀý whom I met yesterday ¼Ó¿¡¼­´Â metÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î ±¸½ÇÀ» Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ À̲ô´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀý ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ¸ñÀû¾îÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì À̸¦ ¸ñÀû°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç¶ó ÇÑ´Ù. 
  2. °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀý whom I met yesterday°¡ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â ¼±Çà»ç´Â the boyÀÌ´Ù. 
  3. °ü°è´ë¸í»ç whomÀº »ç¶÷À» ¼±Çà»ç·Î ÇÏ´Â ¸ñÀû°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀÌ´Ù. 

º¸Ãæ ÇнÀ : ¸ñÀû°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç´Â µ¿»çÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î°¡ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀüÄ¡»çÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾îµµ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

  1. ¿©±â¼­ the lady¿Í her´Â µ¿ÀÏÀÎÀ̰í, her´Â withÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾îÀÌ´Ù.
  2. her¸¦ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç whomÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù¾î ÇÑ ¹®ÀåÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¸é whomÀº withÀÇ ¸ñÀû°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç°¡ µÈ´Ù.
  3. ÀÌ °æ¿ì ÀüÄ¡»ç with´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»ç whom ¾ÕÀ̳ª °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀýÀÇ µÚ¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.

(2): ¸ñÀû°Ý which

  1. ¿©±â¼­ whichÀº ¸ñÀû°Ý itÀ» ´ë½ÅÇÏ´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»ç·Î¼­ which°¡ À̲ô´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀý which I read yesterday ¼Ó¿¡¼­´Â readÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î ±¸½ÇÀ» Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. 
  2. °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀý which I read yesterday°¡ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â ¼±Çà»ç´Â the bookÀÌ´Ù. 
  3. °ü°è´ë¸í»ç which´Â »ç¹°À̳ª µ¿¹°À» ¼±Çà»ç·Î ÇÏ´Â ¸ñÀû°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀÌ´Ù. 

º¸Ãæ ÇнÀ : which´Â µ¿»çÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î°¡ µÉ »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀüÄ¡»çÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î·Îµµ ¾²ÀδÙ.

  1. ¿©±â¼­ the house¿Í it´Â µ¿ÀÏÇÑ °ÍÀ̰í, itÀº inÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾îÀÌ´Ù.
  2. itÀ» °ü°è´ë¸í»ç which·Î ¹Ù²Ù¾î ÇÑ ¹®ÀåÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¸é which´Â inÀÇ ¸ñÀû°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç°¡ µÈ´Ù. 
  3. ÀÌ °æ¿ì ÀüÄ¡»ç inÀº °ü°è´ë¸í»ç which ¾ÕÀ̳ª °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀýÀÇ µÚ¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.

3. °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀÇ ¼ÒÀ¯°Ý

(1) ¼ÒÀ¯°Ý whose

  1. ¿©±â¼­ whose´Â whoÀÇ ¼ÒÀ¯°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ whose office¿Í °°ÀÌ whose ´ÙÀ½¿¡´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ¸í»ç°¡ µÚµû¸£°Ô µÇ´Â Á¡¿¡ À¯ÀÇÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
  2. whose°¡ À̲ô´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀý whose office is near my house°¡ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â ¼±Çà»ç´Â the doctorÀÌ´Ù.
  3. °ü°è´ë¸í»ç whose´Â »ç¶÷À» ¼±Çà»ç·Î ÇÏ´Â ¼ÒÀ¯°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç·Î¼­ whose ´ÙÀ½¿¡´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ¸í»ç°¡ ¿Í¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

(2) ¼ÒÀ¯°Ý whose / of which

  1. ¿©±â¼­ whose´Â whichÀÇ ¼ÒÀ¯°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ whose cover¿Í °°ÀÌ whose ´ÙÀ½¿¡´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ¸í»ç°¡ µÚµû¸£°Ô µÇ´Â Á¡¿¡ À¯ÀÇÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
  2. whose°¡ À̲ô´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀý whose cover is red°¡ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â ¼±Çà»ç´Â a bookÀÌ´Ù.
  3. °ü°è´ë¸í»ç whose´Â »ç¶÷ »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó »ç¹°°ú µ¿¹°À» ¼±Çà»ç·Î ÇÏ´Â ¼ÒÀ¯°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç·Î¼­ whose ´ÙÀ½¿¡´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ¸í»ç°¡ ¿Í¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

º¸Ãæ ÇнÀ : ¼±Çà»ç°¡ »ç¹°ÀÎ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â whose ´ë½Å¿¡ of which¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ¹«»ý¹°ÀÇ ¼ÒÀ¯°ÝÀ» of¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇØ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ÇüÅÂ¿Í °°Àº °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

4. °ü°è´ë¸í»ç that¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì

(1) »ç¶÷°ú µ¿¹° µÎ °¡Áö°¡ ¼±Çà»çÀÎ °æ¿ì:

(2) all, every, some, any, no µîÀÌ ¼±Çà»çÀÎ °æ¿ì:

(3) the only, the very, the same µîÀÌ ¼±Çà»ç¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì:

(4) ¼±Çà»ç°¡ Çü¿ë»çÀÇ ÃÖ»ó±ÞÀ̳ª ¼­¼ö·Î ¼ö½ÄÀ» ¹Þ´Â °æ¿ì:

(5) Àǹ®»ç who°¡ ¼±Çà»çÀÏ °æ¿ì:

5. °ü°è´ë¸í»ç whatÀÇ ¿ë¹ý

  1. ¿©±â¼­ whatÀº the thing°ú itÀ» ´ë½ÅÇÏ´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»ç·Î¼­ whatÀÌ À̲ô´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀý what is in your pocket(´ç½Å ÁÖ¸Ó´Ï¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °Í)Àº showÀÇ Á÷Á¢¸ñÀû¾î·Î ¾²À̰í ÀÖ´Ù. 
  2. °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀý what is in your pocket¿¡¼­ whatÀº ¼±Çà»ç´Â the thingÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀÌ´Ù. 
  3. whatÀº¡¸¼±Çà»ç¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç¡¹·Î¼­ whatÀº the thing(s) which, that whichÀÇ ¶æÀ» °®´Â´Ù. 
  4. ´Ù¸¥ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç°¡ Çü¿ë»çÀýÀ» À̲ô´Âµ¥ ¹ÝÇØ, whatÀº ¸í»çÀýÀ» À̲ø°Ô µÈ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ whatÀÌ À̲ô´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀýÀº ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÁÖ¾î, ¸ñÀû¾î, º¸¾î·Î ¾²ÀδÙ.

6. °ü°è´ë¸í»ç asÀÇ ¿ë¹ý

¼±Çà»ç¿¡ such, the same, asµîÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¶§, µÚÀÇ as´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»ç·Î º»´Ù.

* Choose such friends as will benefit you. (willÀÇ ÁÖ¾î; ÁÖ°Ý)

* I have the same trouble as you have. (haveÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î; ¸ñÀû°Ý)

* As many men as came were caught. (¿Â »ç¶÷Àº ´Ù ºÙÀâÇû´Ù; ÁÖ°Ý)

* He is absent, as is often the case. (asÀÇ ¼±Çà»ç´Â He is absent(Àý))

* He is American, as I knew from his accent. (±×ÀÇ ¸»Åõ·Î ¾È ÀÏÀÌÁö¸¸ ±×´Â ¹Ì±¹ÀÎ À̾ú´Ù.)

* As was the custom with him, he went out for a walk after supper.

(¿©´À¶§Ã³·³ ½Ä»ç ÈÄ¿¡ »êÃ¥ ³ª°¬´Ù.)

¢ÀHe was sleeping as she was speaking. (Á¢¼Ó»ç: ½Ã°£)

I like her as one of my friends. (ÀüÄ¡»ç: ¡­·Î¼­)

7. °ü°è´ë¸í»ç but °ú thanÀÇ ¿ë¹ý

(1) But : butÀº ±× ÀÚü¿¡ ºÎÁ¤ÀÇ ¶æÀÌ ÀÖ¾î who¡­ not, that¡­ not, which ¡­notµîÀÇ ±¸¹®À¸·Î ¹Ù²Ü ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

¨ç µîÀ§ Á¢¼Ó»ç·Î ¾²ÀÌ´Â °æ¿ì.

* Summer is hot, but winter is cold.

* He is a hard-working but not very intelligent boy.

¨è ºÎ»ç·Î ¾²ÀÌ´Â °æ¿ì.

* He is but a child. (±×´Â ´ÜÁö ¾î¸°¾Ö¿¡ Áö³ªÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.)

* It is but a question of money. (±×°ÍÀº ´ÜÁö µ·¿¡ °üÇÑ ¹®Á¦ÀÌ´Ù.)

¡Þ ºÎ»ç·Î ¾²ÀÌ¸é ´ÜÁö, ¿À·ÎÁö, ºÒ°ú(only)ÀÇ ¶æÀ¸·Î ¾²À̸ç,ButÀ» »ý·«Çصµ ¹®ÀåÀÌ ¼º¸³ÇÑ´Ù.

¨é ÀüÄ¡»ç·Î ¾²ÀÌ´Â °æ¿ì.

* All but him were drowned. (±×¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇϰí´Â ¸ðµÎ°¡ ÀÍ»çÇß´Ù.)

* Nobody but me attended the meeting.

(³ª¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇϰí´Â ¾Æ¹«µµ ±× ¸ðÀÓ¿¡ Âü¼®ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.)

¡Þ butÀÌ ÀüÄ¡»ç·Î ¾²À̸é except, saveÀÇ ¶æÀ¸·Î ¾²À̸ç, butÀ» »ý·«ÇÏ¸é ¹®ÀåÀÌ ¼º¸³ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (but + ¸ñÀû°Ý ÇüÅ·Π¾µ °Í.)

¨ê Á¾¼Ó Á¢¼Ó»ç·Î ¾²ÀÌ´Â °æ¿ì.

* No one is so old but he may learn. = No one is so old that he may not learn.

¡Þ Á¾¼Ó Á¢¼Ó»ç·Î ¾²À̸é that ¡­ notÀÇ ¶æÀ¸·Î ¾²À̸ç,butÀÌÇÏÀÇ ¹®ÀåÀº ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ¹®ÀåÀÌ µÈ´Ù.

¨ë °ü°è ´ë¸í»ç·Î ¾²ÀÌ´Â °æ¿ì.

¡Þ¼±Çà»ç¿¡ ºÎÁ¤¾îÀÎ not, no µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì, but¼Ó¿¡ notÀÇ ¶æ Æ÷ÇÔ

* There is no rule but has some exceptions. = There is no rule that has not some exceptions.

(2)than: thanµµ µÚ¿¡ ¸í»ç, ´ë¸í»ç°¡ »ý·«µÇ¾î °ü°è´ë¸í»çó·³ ¾²ÀδÙ.

¡Þ¼±Çà»ç¿¡ more°¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹®Àå¿¡¼­ ÁÖ°Ý ¶Ç´Â ¸ñÀû°ÝÀ¸·Î

* There are more books than are needed.

* Her service has been more valuable than was supposed.

* She always has more money than she needs.

(ºñ±³±Þ more ¶§¹®¿¡ thanÀÌ ¿Ô°í Ÿµ¿»ç needsÀÇ ¸ñÀû°ÝÀÌ µÇ¾î ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ³ª¿Â°ÍÀÓ

8. º¹ÇÕ°ü°è´ë¸í»ç¿Í º¹ÇÕ°ü°èÇü¿ë»çÀÇ ¿ë¹ý

(1)º¹ÇÕ°ü°è´ë¸í»ç

º¹ÇÕ°ü°è´ë¸í»ç¶õ "°ü°è»ç(thatÁ¦¿Ü) + ever" ÀÇ ÇüÅ·Π¼±Çà»ç¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ¼±Çà»çÀÇ ¿ªÇÒ°ú °ü°è´ë¸í»ç ¿ªÇÒÀ» µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÇÑ´Ù.

 

¨ç¸í»çÀû ¿ë¹ý : ÁÖ¾î¿Í ¸ñÀû¾î·Î ¾²ÀδÙ. ¸í»çÀýÀ» À¯µµÇÑ´Ù.

* Give it to whoever wants it. (= anyone who; wantsÀÇ ÁÖ¾î)

* Give it to whomever you like. (= anyone whom; likeÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î)

* Choose whichever you like. (= anything that)

* I will give you whatever you need. (= anything that)

¨èÇü¿ë»çÀû ¿ë¹ý: whichever¿Í whatever¸¸ÀÌ ¾²ÀδÙ.

* You may read whatever book you like.(= any book that)

* Take whichever book you like. (= any of the books that)

* Whosever horse comes in first wins the prize. (= anyone whose)

¡Þ whosever´Â °ÅÀÇ ¾²ÀÌÁö ¾Ê°í anyone whose°¡ ¾²ÀδÙ.

¨èºÎ»çÀû ¿ë¹ý: ¾çº¸ÀÇ ºÎ»çÀýÀ» À̲ö´Ù.

* Whoever may come, he will be welcome. (= No matter who)

* Whatever you may do, do it well. (= No matter what)

* Whichever you choose, you will be pleased. (= No matter which)

¡Þ¿À´ÃÀÇ ¿µ¾î¿¡¼­´Â may¸¦ ¾È ¾²°í Á÷¼³¹ýÀ» ¾²´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹´Ù.

¡ÞWhatever´Â ºÎÁ¤¹®, Àǹ®¹®¿¡¼­ °­Á¶¾î·Î ¾²ÀδÙ.

* There can be no doubt whatever about it.

* Is there any chance whatever? (Á¶±ÝÀÌ¶óµµ °¡¸ÁÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?)

 

(2) º¹ÇÕ°ü°èÇü¿ë»ç 

* He spoke to me in french, which language I could not understand.

 ->°ü°è´ë¸í»ç·Î¼­ÀÇ which°¡ ¸í»ç language¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÑ´Ù.

* I gave them what money I had.

->whatÀº money¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â µ¿½Ã¿¡ I had¸¦ Çü¿ë»çÀý·Î money¿¡ ¿¬°á½ÃŲ´Ù.

= I gave them all the money that I had. (what = all the....that)

* I will approve whichever(or whatever) course you decide on.(º¹ÇÕ°ü°èÇü¿ë»ç)  

 

9. °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀÇ »ý·«

(1) Ÿµ¿»ç or ÀüÄ¡»çÀÇ ¸ñÀû

* He has no friend (whom) he can depend upon. (ÀüÄ¡»çÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î)

* This is the house (which) he lives in.

(2) Áְݺ¸¾î, ¸ñÀû°Ýº¸¾î·Î ¾²ÀÏ ¶§

* He is not the man (which or that) he was two years ago.

(±×´Â 2³âÀüÀÇ ±×°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.)

(3) there is, there are°¡ °è¼Ó µÉ ¶§.

* He taught me the difference (that) there is between right and wrong.

(4) There is, Here is, It is, What is, Who is·Î ½ÃÀ۵Ǵ ±¸¹®¿¡¼­.

* There is a boy (who) wants to see you.

* It was he (that) met her yesterday.

(5) ÇöÀçºÐ»ç, °ú°ÅºÐ»ç ¾Õ¿¡¼­ 'Áְݰü°è´ë¸í»ç+be' »ý·«

. The woman (who is) standing by the door is my aunt.

. The woman (who is) loved by him is my sister.

. I have a book (that is) written in English.